Rhodes was arrested by Federal Bureau of Investigations agents in October 2011, when he believed he was going to meet a minor he had met online for sexual purposes.
In May, Rhodes pleaded guilty to computer and electronic child exploitation.
In addition to serving two years in prison, Rhodes also was sentenced to 10 years of probation, 240 hours of community service and a fine of $2,000 plus court fees and surcharges, according to the Murray County Superior Court Clerk's Office.
Rhodes also pleaded on the First Offender Act, which, if approved by the Georgia Crime Information Center, would erase the felony charge from his record after the two years served and 10 years of probation have ended.
Questions have been raised as to whether Rhodes can retain his position as mayor of Taylorsville. According to Bartow County Elections Supervisor Joseph Kirk, Rhodes still holds the position.